南开大学2014年考博英语真题

　　医学博士英语统一考试之后，即将迎来各院校的考博英语初试，英语考试的备考，参考历年真题是一个很重要的备考过程，今天新东方在线小编给大家整理了南开大学2014年考博英语真题，帮助大家更好的备考，考博英语考试，一起来看看吧!

全国院校考博英语历年真题汇总

　　Section A

　　Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B，C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points，2 points each)

　　Passage One

　　I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic,

　　1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30— regardless of race—knew little more, in fact. How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31，college educated) was clueless about King’s nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?

　　Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to sleep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.

　　What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire and ability to rise above his own failings and those of fellow humans uplifted us all—both those who were living at the time and those who have come after. Even if we do not know it, our world is a better place because of his light.

　　Dr. King’s life was extinguished more than 30 years ago, but not his light. It is still here for each of us to carry, and to illuminate even brighter with our own unique creativity and contributions. Martin Luther King, Jr. was bom on January 15,1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College and becoming a minister, he made his way to Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This was an important decision for it was in the same city that, on December 1 of the following year, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. King was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and led a boycott of Montgomery buses throughout 1956, which brought him national recognition.

　　King’s legacy of non-violent activism was influenced by the teachings of Jesus and Gandhi. King reinforced and expanded his Biblical convictions during a visit to India in 1959, where he studied Gandhi’s methods of non-violent protests during the early 1960’s.

　　A gifted orator, King ignited the world and a generation in the cause for American civil rights with his “I Have a Dream” speech on Aug 28 1963 to a crowd of 250 000 in Washington, D. C. “We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force” ...“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. ’’ ...“When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, ‘ Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!，”

　　Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize and was named Time magazine’s u Person of the Year” in 1964. In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he said, “ Non-violence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. Man must evolve for all human conflicts a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. ’’ King was one of the most extraordinary humans to ever grace our planet. He was a man who met

　　hate and hopeless with love and inspiration. He used non-violence to point out the obscenity of violence. Martin Luther King was gunned down at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis on April 4, 1968. Some call it irony. I choose to think of it as his final lesson to us.

　　1. The Purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .

　　A. condemn the terrorist action of Martin Luther King, Jr.，s assassination

　　B. honor Martin Luther King, Jr. since MLK Day is drawing near

　　C. criticize the present generations for their ignorance of Dr. King

　　D. highlight the significance of the beliefs and spirit of Dr. King

　　2. “Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation. ’’ (Para. 4) can be best interpreted as “ ”.

　　A. King is not remembered by the present generation as a football player or a musician

　　B. The present generation is ignorant of King who gave his life for the peoples of the world

　　C. If King had turned to music or sports he would have been more successful

　　D. It is meaningless to have a day to mark King since he is not famous enough

　　3. According to Dr. King, what is the solution to major political and moral problems?

　　A. Non-violence. B. Armed struggle. C. Violent activism. D. Believing in God.

　　4. Which of the following statements about Martin Luther King, Jr. is true?

　　A. His Nobel Prize acceptance speech was the famous “I Have a Dream” speech.

　　B. He was the first one who adopted a non-violent approach in political struggle.

　　C. He had a firm belief in God, which helped to form his non-violent activism.

　　D. He was named 4< Person of the Year” because of his w I Have a Dreamv speech.

　　5. The overall tone of the article can be best summarized as .

　　A. emotional B. furious C. indifferent D. matter-of-fact

　　Passage Two

　　A few decades ago, it was still possible to leave home and go somewhere else: the architecture was different, the landscape was different, the language, lifestyle, dress, and values were different. That was a time when we could speak of cultural diversity. But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing. The goal of the global economy is that all countries should be homogenized. When global hotel chains advertise to tourists that all their rooms in every city of the world are identical, they don’t mention that the cities are becoming identical too: cars, noise, smog, corporate high-rises, violence, fast food, McDonalds, Nikes, Levis, Barbie Dolls, American TV and film. What，s the point of leaving home?

　　There are many causes for this dreary turn of events, but one is central: economic globalization and institutions like the World Bank and the WTO promote a specific kind of homogenizing development that frees the largest corporations in the world to invest and operate in every market, everywhere. For these agencies and corporation, diversity is not a primary value: efficiency is. Diversity is an enemy because it requires differentiated sales appeal. What corporations love is creating the same values，the same tastes, using the same advertising, selling the same products, and driving out small local competitors. Mass marketers prefer homogenized consumers. They also prefer places with low wages, cheap resources, and the least restrictive environmental and labor laws. The new rules of global trade are primarily set by the ultra-secretive World Trade Organization (WTO), which now rivals the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the most powerful, yet undemocratic body in the world. Its rules are specifically designed to serve global corporate expansion and the homogenization process. They make it nearly impossible for nation-states to prevent certain harmful forms of corporate development, no matter what problems they bring. So we find that European bankers can dominate Third World economies ; Asian companies can cut down Canadian and Brazilian forests ; American corporations can dominate the whole world’s farmers and food supply ;

　　Disney can homogenize consciousness and McDonalds can homogenize tastes, globally. Every country loses while global corporations win.

　　Corporate invasions into diverse cultures often occur over vigorous protests by local governments and populations that try to protect local business, culture, health, food safety, and local livelihoods. Not everyone wants to become like everyone else. ( More than one million of India’s small farmers protested against the entry of industrial agriculture, specifically Cargill Corporation and Kentucky Fried Chicken. ) Millions of others have protested against the invasion and promotion of genetically engineered foods which are destroying local livelihoods and threatening public health. But when

　　countries try to slow down these corporate invasions—or create laws that protect local resources, or jobs, or health standards一they may find the laws challenged at the WTO as illegal restrictions against foreign investment. In fact, a recently proposed addition to the WTO would make it nearly impossible for any country to prevent imports of biotech food products—despite public concern over health aspects. Meanwhile, all places are starting to merge. In rural France, local cheese farms are sucked up by giant agribusiness. In England, small towns in the countryside have high-speed freeways and trucks jamming through them despite mass opposition. Rice paddies in Bali are turned into hotel resorts. Small farms in Japan become executive golf courses. Small businesses and retail shops everywhere, including the U. S. , are being driven under by untaxed e-commerce, which the WTO may soon codify. Nepalese villages have Sylvester Stallone on their billboards, Barbie in their stores, and Jay Leno on their TV sets.

　　Every place is becoming everyplace else: monoculture. “Get there before it’s ruined. ” Is this a familiar phrase? Is this a system you want?

　　If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad. With every country pressured to open up its forests, minerals, water, and land to global corporations, the few pristine places are disappearing fast. So are the native people who live in them. So are the animals, plants and biota …the biodiversity of the planet. ( Brazil, for example, recently suspended its environmental laws, so that Amazon forests can be cut down faster to help the country pay off IMF debts.) Meanwhile, industrial forestry practices, like clear-cutting, produce landscapes so barren that it’s hard to know if it’s the Amazon or Oregon ; landscapes of tree stumps look alike wherever they are. This is monoculture too. Biodiversity is disappearing as fast as cultural diversity. Here’s the rationale for all this: By serving the needs of global business, everyone benefits. “A rising tide lifts all boats. ’’ Is this true? While CEO salaries for global corporations are rising—some make $ 50 - 500 million annually—worldwide, real wages for most people are falling. According to the U. N. , the gaps between rich and poor within countries and among countries, has grown because of the inequities of global trade. Even in the U. S. , the median wage of factory workers has fallen by 10% in the last two decades. And, England now advertises that its workers are the lowest paid in Europe. Low wages are suddenly virtuous. Apparently, the rising tide lifts mainly yachts.

　　The global economy is designed to benefit the largest corporations in the world, who are getting rapidly larger and more dominant. Already some corporations are bigger in economic terms than most nation states. Mitsubishi is the 22nd largest economy in the world. General Motors is 26th. Ford is 31st. They are larger than Denmark, Thailand, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand and dozens of others. What can we do? Dozens of good organizations are working on these issues. This year, most are focused on the World Trade Organization Ministerial Meeting in Seattle, Washington, two weeks from now. Most groups are demanding a halt to all WTO expansion and a full public reassessment of its activities.

　　6. From the first paragraph，we know that .

　　A. the author is describing both the good and bad impacts of economic globalization

　　B. globalization is reducing the differences between the rich and the poor

　　C. the author is unhappy with the consequences of globalization

　　D. globalization is good for both the rich and the poor

　　7. The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is .

　　A. to discuss what’s good and what’s bad in economic globalization

　　B. to blame the WTO and other large global corporations for their wrongdoings

　　C. to justify his worries about the disappearance of cultural diversity

　　D. to refute the rationale of globalization and show his objection to global monoculture

　　8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about a homogenized world?

　　A. Every place will become exactly the same as every place else.

　　B. Cultural diversity and biodiversity will not be ruined.

　　C. People’s value orientation is sure to be identical gradually.

　　D. People can buy the same goods and may have the same tastes.

　　9. Who should be blamed for the Brazilian forests，being down?

　　A. The International Monetary fund.

　　B. The World Trade Organization.

　　C. Large global corporations such as Mitsubishi.

　　D. The Brazilian government.

　　10. We can infer from the passage that vigorous protests occurred in India because •

　　A. the Indians didn’t like the rules of the World Trade Organization

　　B. global corporations promoted the sale of genetically engineered foods there

　　C. the international corporations have destroyed the local people’s livelihood and health

　　D. the Indians didn’t want to follow the new rules of global trade

　　Passage Three

　　Unless you lived through the Eisenhower era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on- screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gangsters, or by the occasional psychopath. Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of outright violence.

　　The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The change in 1957 when a wave of teen-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. Though teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go away.

　　Thirty-five years later America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population growth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the increase has been much higher. In Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by any measure, with the one-year toll for L. A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifteen years of conflict in Northern Ireland. Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. That’s more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI reports, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one decade. Clearly something has gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists and medical researchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in America’s spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Homicide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US surgeon general cited violence as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.

　　11. From the passage we can infer that .

　　A. from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adults

　　B. in the 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weapons

　　C. it was in the late 1950s that violence was frequent

　　D. youth crime began in the 1950s

　　12. Which of the following is not true?

　　A. There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.

　　B. The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.

　　C. Violence was so emergent that even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.

　　D. Six hundred students of Police Academy were involved in the street crime.

　　13. A major reason for youth crime increase is .

　　A. population grows too much

　　B. young people are exposed too much to screen violence

　　C. violence is a public issue

　　D. the economic background

　　14. It is a fact, in 1992, that .

　　A. population in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 people

　　B. homicide totaled 352 in Los Angeles

　　C. homicide rose up to 2, 512 in Los Angeles

　　D. population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512

　　15. The word “spiraling”(Para.5) is close in meaning to .

　　A. moving B. changing C. rising D. falling

　　Passage Four

　　My mother raised me as best as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would fight madly over a

　　dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them. It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mother’s advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts often ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her, how little I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head high. Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to feel shame. Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment on the East Side. I knew I wouldn’t fall back in with the wrong people, although I still wasn’t sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighter’s oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was off on life’s road and moving steadily. Her smile said, “My job is finally done. ”

　　16. From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a area.

　　A. commercial B. rich C. poor D. distant

　　17. The author used to behave himself •

　　A. oddly B. toughly C. remarkably D. badly

　　18. From the context, we understand that “odd jobs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs

　　A. of cleaning, washing and ironing B. which are not regular or fixed

　　C. which one can make extra money with D. with house work

　　19. In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author says “It was lucky for me that...”

　　The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of .

　　A. the three years of military service B. leaving a world of discipline

　　C. leaving the city and his mother D. fighting with tough guys

　　20. What is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. After her husband died, his mother did all available jobs to support the family.

　　B. The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter.

　　C. The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.

　　D. In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She bravely struggled on.

　　Section B Replacing the Removed Sentences

　　Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21 - 25, choose the most suitable one from the list A - G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10

　　points, 2 points each) Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.

　　21 “ People tell a considerable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didn’t expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation，’’ said Robert Feldman.

　　The study also found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity.

　　22 “Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better，” Feldman noted.

　　As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate students were recruited to participate. 23 Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped. At the end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.

　　Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had，” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably. 24 Others were more extreme，such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band. “It’s so easy to lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them it’s polite to pretend they like a birthday gift they’ve been given. 25 • ”

　　A. The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.

　　B. Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.

　　C. Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.

　　D. They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.

　　E. We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.

　　F. The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.

　　G. Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.

　　Part D Vocabulary

　　Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points，0. 5 point each)

　　26. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I to be his girl friend.

　　A. pretended B. supposed C. resumed D. granted

　　27. I took someone else’s book mistake.

　　A. in B. for C. with D. by

　　28. Henry looked very much when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.

　　A. discouraged B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. bewildered

　　29. The problem has simply because you didn’t follow my instruction.

　　A. raised B. risen C. arisen D. aroused

　　30. Recently the newspapers have reported several on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.

　　A. accidents B. incidents C. events D. happenings

　　31. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original •

　　A. consideration B. judgment C. estimate D. plan

　　32. The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to the weight of the building.

　　A. idealize B. subside C. initiate D. sustain

　　The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.

　　A. deceived B. ignited C. implemented D. designated

　　The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.

　　A. decomposed B. denounced C. detached D. deduced

　　Mary didn’t openly attack the plan, but her opposition was in her failure to say anything in support of it.

　　A. explicit B. implicit C. internal D. immortal

　　His heart with excitement as he was waiting for the reception by the leaders.

　　A. flapped B. flourished C. flushed D. fluttered

　　The doctors are very much worried about the of the patient’s condition after operation.

　　A. disposition B. deliberation C. deterioration

　　The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that refreshments.

　　A. at large B. at ease C. at random D. at intervals

　　The company will to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.

　　A. retain B. alter C. adhere D. abandon

　　You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.

　　A. unless B. so long as C. otherwise D. whereas

　　The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under of law.

　　A. guideline B. definition C. constraint D. identity

　　If you don’t want to talk to him，I’ll speak to him ,

　　A. on your behalf B. on your account C. for your part

　　Difficult as it is, English study is in the long run to a learner in his or her career development.

　　A. rewarding B. advantageous C. profitable D. earning

　　Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space，but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are off.

　　A. avoided B. excluded C. separated D. screened

　　The famous inventor was awarded an doctorate by the university.

　　A. honorable B. honorary C. honored D. honorific

　　The senator agrees that his support of the action would his chances for reelection.

　　A. obscure B. mystify C. jeopardize D. distinguish

　　We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always •

　　A. inexplicable B. healthy C. sound D. straight

　　When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately the room.

　　A. distributed B. penetrated C. pervaded D. perished

　　It goes without saying that people who refuse to with the law will be punished.

　　A. comply B. conceal C. consent D. abide

　　Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, their cleanness，toughness， and low cost.

　　A. in addition to B. by virtue of C. as opposed to

　　The book might well have had it been less expensive.

　　A. worked out B. gone through C. fitted in

　　When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces,

　　D. for the sake of

　　caught on the government additional men.

　　A. revises B. suspends C. conscripts D. encourages

　　There are differences between theory and practice.

　　A. legible B. radical C. medieval D. laden

　　She once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.

　　A. merged B. coincided C. constituted D. collaborated

　　It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan.

　　A. inherent B. ingenious C. infectious D. indulgent

　　A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.

　　A. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment

　　They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainy weather.

　　A. cancel B. eliminate C. delay D. prolong

　　Nobody knows what triggered the event, which a million cubic meters of water per second, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.

　　A. relieved B. released C. restored D. retained

　　Most people can’t get the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.

　　A. on B. over C. through D. by

　　He has little trouble the tires of his car.

　　A. to fix B. fix C. fixing

　　D. with fixing

　　61. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization

　　of the Olympics somehow encourages patriotism.

　　A. amiable B. obsolete C. aggressive D. harmonious

　　62. He was when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.

　　A. incredible B. inevitable C. incredulous D. indifferent

　　63. A train jumped the tracks on a bridge in India, killing at least 50 on the spot.

　　A. toll B. figure C. span D. yield

　　64. In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s to obtain a license.

　　A. warrant B. sanction C. malignance D. affirmation

　　65. Four weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were .

　　A. on the verge B. on the spot C. on the loose D. on the sly

　　Part Three Cloze

　　Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B9 C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points，1 point each)

　　Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. 66 , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases 67 becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the 68 salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also 69 in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are 70 the decline. What potential remedies exist for the acid rain 71 ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be 72 to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned 73 to prevent it. 74 , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another 75 is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good 76 of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more 77 fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in 78 acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a 79 of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we

　　80 what we know now.

　　66. A. Likewise B. Besides C. Thus D. Otherwise

　　67. A. and B. then C. hence D. or

　　68. A. entire B. complete C. total D. all

　　69. A. imaginable B. unaccountable C. considerable D. understandable

　　70. A. on B. with C. to D. at

　　71. A. affair B. issue C. matter D. question

　　72. A. announced B. ordered C. imposed D. enacted

　　73. A. faster B. more C. better D. harder

　　74. A. Furthermore B. Conversely C. Accordingly D. Nevertheless

　　Part IV Writing (15 points)

　　Directions: You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words with the title: A/y on

　　Terrorist Activities in Some Countries. Do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

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