2023年考博英语阅读练习题目（3）

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　　Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information， but meanings are derived from so

　　many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely

　　too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we

　　associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations

　　if we listen for more than words.

　　We don‘t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean

　　anything except “ I‘m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to

　　what I‘m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once.

　　A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner， “This step has to be fixed

　　before I‘ll buy.” The owner says， “ It’s been like that for years.” Actually， the step hasn‘t

　　been like that for years， but the unspoken message is： “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up

　　with it. Why can‘t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed

　　of examining a message in terms of who said it， when it occurred， the related conditions or

　　situation， and how it was said.

　　When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples

　　do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument

　　and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great

　　deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend‘s unusually docile behavior may only be

　　understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of

　　assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developi

　　ng pattern of responses and

　　defy logic. For example， a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb，

　　” “You‘re lazy，” and “You’re dishonest，” may also say “No!” and try to justify his

　　or her response if the next statement is “And you‘re good looking.”

　　We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words,“If sure has been

　　nice to have you over,”can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase

　　can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will

　　change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance;

　　sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.

　　1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners， if ___.

　　A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.

　　B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.

　　C.they try to understand each other‘s ideas beyond words.

　　D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.

　　2.“I‘m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.

　　A.I'm just calling your attention.

　　B.I'm just kidding.

　　C.I'm just saying the opposite.

　　D.I'm just giving off some sound.

　　3.The house-owner‘s example shows that he actually means___.

　　A.the step has been like that for years.

　　B.he doesn‘t think it necessary to fix the step.

　　C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.

　　D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.

　　4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical， but are justifiable if___.

　　A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.

　　B.seen as one‘s habitual pattern of behavior.

　　C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.

　　D.expressed to a series of charges.

　　5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.

　　A.without true intention.

　　B.light-heartedly.

　　C.in a way of ceremony.

　　D.with less emphasis.

　　答案：DBABC

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