中国人民大学2002年考博英语真题及答案详解

2015-02-04 21:01:47来源:网络

  Ⅴ Translation (20 points) 

  Part A. (10 points)

  Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.

  The Basis for Social Order

  Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another.

  Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the “state”, and the rules that maintained it, the “law”. With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.  

  Part B. (10 points)  

  Direction: Translate the following Chinese passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET.

  各学科的发展日新月异,令人称奇,但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故,非常原始。迄今为止,教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法,着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定,考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平,但实际情况恰恰相反,这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧,考试或许是个不错的办法。然而,要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何,考试是考不出名堂来的。

  Ⅵ Writing (20 points)

  Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”  

  试 题 详 解  

  Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 20 points) 

  (略)

  ⅡVocabulary (10 points)   

  Part A

  1. B 句意:他似乎不太愿意用他的军队去阻止起义的农民。rebellious反叛的,反抗的;animated活泼的,生动的;creased有折痕的;impassive冷漠的。

  2. D 句意:该公司将信守协议,不论这一过程的代价有多大。adhere坚持,与to构成常用词组;retain保持,保留;alter改变;abandon放弃,遗弃。

  3. B 句意:街角上的药店出售aspirins和处方penicillin。dispose处理; dispense分配,分发;disperse(使)分散,(使)分开;dispatch分派,派遣。

  4. A invariably不变的,总是;imperatively命令式地;transiently短暂地;deceptively迷惑地,虚伪地。

  5. D 句意:这一地区的房子都是按照建房规定建盖的。obedience服从,顺从;in obedience of遵守,依照;compliance依从, in compliance of符合,依据; defiance挑衅,蔑视;alliance联盟,联合。

  6. A 句意:他本想得到25%的工资涨幅,但在同老板谈话后,他认为他不得不满足于5%的涨幅。suffice使满足,表示带有无奈情绪的满足;satisfy满足,主语为人;gratify使满足,表示超出预想的满足;delight(使)高兴,(使)欣喜。

  7. B 句意:两位代表就如何加强双边合作深入交换了意见。bilateral双边的;ethical道德的;mandatory强制的,托管的;subsidiary辅助的,补充的。

  8. A charter宪章,the UN Charter联合国宪章;constitution宪法,章程,惯例;concordance和谐;custody保官。

  9. C 句意:当我们把成功人士的成功归因于聪明、体力或好运的时候,我们也是在为我们自己找借口,因为我们在所有这三个方面都落后了。fall short表示“落后”;rare罕见的;lacking缺乏的,不足的;scarce缺乏的。

  10. B 句意:自杀性爆炸三个星期之后,警方还在搜寻爆炸者,因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸者在暗地里行动。on the sly偷偷地,暗地里;on the verge后跟of结构表示“在……的边缘”;on the spot当场,在现场;on the loose散漫,放荡。

  Part B

  11. A orphans孤儿,A项中parentless children含义与之相同。miserable victims可怜的受害者;contagious bodies传染性的尸体;infectious patient被感染了的病人。

  12. B 句意:在他看来,反对暴力并不就表明应该废除死刑。barbarity残暴的行为;savagery野性;adversity不幸,灾祸;habitat栖息地;integrity正直,完整性。

  13. B fallible易错的,可能犯错的;erroneous错误的,不正确的;sublime提升;plausible似是而非的;impeccable没有缺点的,不会做坏事的。

  14. C rule out排除,取消;exclude排除;tolerate忍受;confirm确信;refute驳倒,反驳。

  15. C 句意:现在研究人员将更多的注意力投入到促使大学毕业生进入管理类职业的社会和文化推动因素。impetus推动力;implication含义,暗示;propaganda宣传;impulse推动力,刺激;benefit益处。

  16. D conspicuous显著的;manifest显然的,明白的;sturdy坚定的,毫不含糊的;permanent永久的;obstinate倔强的,顽固的。

  17. D 句意:我们应该继续核扩散控制的研究,但不能将能源项目建立在其存在的基础上(前提下),除非已被证明可行。premise作为及物动词,其意思是to base a theory, argument, etc. on an idea, thought, or belief; agree达成一致意见;focus关注,集中;concentrate关注,集中;base基于。所以D是正确答案。

  18. C 句意:在同老板处理关系时,他毫无礼貌和头脑。courtesy礼貌,谦恭;civility礼貌,端庄;tenacity坚韧;curiousity好奇心;hostility敌意。

  19. D 句意:尽管政府坚决力图杜绝盗版软件,盗版光盘和软盘依然是计算机病毒的第二大传播媒介。quash取消;restrict限制,约束;boost 推进;prevent防止,预防;crush压碎,碾碎。

  20. D 句意:据报道,最近美国宾夕法利亚洲爆发的禽流感促使中国很快下令禁止从该地区进口家禽类食品。poultry家禽类食品;avian products鸟类食品;marine products 海产食品;dairy products乳制食品; industrial products工业产品。

  Ⅲ Cloze

  1. A 表示“在三十年代的萧条期中“应用介词in。

  2. C 此处需要根据下文判断:随着第二次世界大战带来的经济繁荣,这个时代的年轻人比起他们经历过的大萧条的前辈,结婚更早,并且生育的子女也更多。出生率上升到……因此此处关于大萧条时期的婴儿出生率应该填declining。

  3. C bring on带来,导致;carry on实施,实行(计划、措施);take on呈现。

  4. D establish households成家。

  5. B raise large families养活一大家子。

  6. A predecessor前辈,前人;successor后辈,后人。

  7. C 转折关系。这句话大意是:尽管经济可能是最重要的因素,但它并不是出现生育高峰的惟一原因。

  8. B determinant决定因素;tenant房客;lubricant润滑剂;repentant后悔,悔悟的。

  9. B place value on...认为……有价值,注意place...on...的常用搭配。

  10. D 联系上下文,这里应该填入表示“解释”的词;排除A和C两项;再看前面的一句话中出现了单词explanation,那么这里填其动词形式explain。interpret作“解释”讲时多指对复杂问题的较深入的解释。

  11. C stream into涌进。

  12. B 很容易排除C和D。在A和B之间作判断时,从前面的stream into可以推知只有flood是合适的。

  13. A overtaxed负荷的;overdosed药量过多的;overweighed超重的;overlapped重叠的。

  14. A 表示境况的进一步恶化。

  15. B 表示因果关系。

  16. A make sense词组,表示”有意义“。

  17. D priority优先,首要;notoriety恶名,丑名;compatibility兼容性;proximity接近,亲近。

  18. C inevitably不可避免的;refutably可反驳的;indispensably不可缺少的;respectively分别地,各自地。

  19. D discipline此处是“学科”的意思;conference会议;symposium讨论会,座谈会;seminar研讨会。

  20. D have interest in...对……有兴趣,固定搭配;ability能力;advantage优势;benefit益处。

考博必备!历年真题及答案

考博精品好课,就选新东方!

关注新东方在线服务号

回复【考博真题】领取备考必看真题集

更多资料
更多>>
更多内容
更多>>
更多好课>>
更多>>
更多资料