中国人民大学2002年考博英语真题及答案详解

　　Ⅳ Reading Comprehension

　　Passage 1

　　1. A 容易排除另外三项。

　　2. D 本题考察作者提及她的童年经历的目的。本段最后一句是重点：unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives. 不幸的是，现在的父母同时也在与子女“分享”工作上的挫折。

　　3. C 注意本段最后一句里面的the most common wish。

　　4. C 根据后面的一句话来帮助选择：“It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,”she says. “It's about saying no and making choices.”Levin说，“这并不是要你早点起床来多干些事情，而是要你学会说‘不’，学会做选择。”由此推知“paring them down”的意思是减少不重要的事务。

　　5. D 该项与短文中的描述正好相反。

　　Passage 2

　　6. A 本文第一段就指出了用来报道研究成果有不同的形式，主要有：杂志上发表的研究报告;毕业生的学术论文;会议上做的报告。下文针对这三种报告分别介绍了他们的格式、内容。所以正确答案是A。本文并不是讲如何写研究报告，所以C不对。

　　7. D 本文一开头就指出了There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as...可见正确答案是D。

　　8. B 原文是These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences which they address. 本题题干中换用了另一种表达方式。

　　9. B A项在文中出现的依据：The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way以及They (the conference papers) are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way;C项在文中也有涉及;Articles intended to...analyzing the data. 以及As with the...or practitioners. 在判断D项时，由The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write. 可以看出thesis和dissertation是书面形式的，而根据At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. 可知research papers采取的是口头报告的形式，据此判断D项也是在短文中提到过的。

　　10. C 由第四段的This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. 可知正确答案是C。

　　Passage 3

　　11. A 文章第二段说到the “Mind of the Market” laboratory，最后一段提到If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market，可见本文是围绕reading the mind of the market来写的。所以正确答案是A。

　　12. C 容易排除A和B两项;而D项与原文描述“The goal is not to manipulate peoples'preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires.”不符。

　　13. B 原文Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab.中的oversee是“监视、检查”的意思，而B项overlook意为“忽视、忽略”，含义相反。

　　14. D to speak to在这里表示“对(人们)的实际需求做出反应”。

　　15. A 最后一句话的大意是：如果此项研究成功的话，那么消费者将更难抵御广告的影响。

　　Passage 4

　　16. C 见原文：He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.

　　17. D 第三段的最后一句说到：警察将他的大量的工作时间用来写无数的报告，而这些报告只是关于数以百计的无关紧要的人是否犯了些愚蠢的微不足道的小罪。由此处的带感情色彩的词可看出作者带有一种潜台词，即警察的时间都被浪费在了不重要的事情上。所以D最适合。

　　18. B 参见第四段原文：Except in very...spent on searching. 可见murders和terrorist attacks与其他事务有所不同，需要付出很大努力来追踪嫌疑人的下落。

　　19. C 该段最后两句话是全段重点can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. 他们很难同时兼顾这两条。很多时候他们不得不犯些小错来达到目标。

　　20. C 这里大意是说，由于人们希望不要那么严厉地处罚罪犯而应该帮助他们改过自新，因此警察十分之九的工作是不得不重新追捕那些本来应该呆在监狱里的人。这使得他们相当愤世嫉俗。

　　Ⅴ Translation

　　Part A

　　社会秩序的基础

　　亚里斯多德说，人是社会性的动物。这种社会性要求人们和平共处，人类历史主要就是人类群体在时间长河中从游牧部落到复杂的文明社会的集合运动的演进过程，(这些群体中的)幸存者能幸存下来的原因就在于：他们有能力创造一种手段，从而能使他们所在群体中的人保持团结并相互效忠。

　　出于必须和渴望战胜环境的挑战，人类建立了秩序。这样一种有秩序的状态就称作“国家”，而维持国家存在的规则就叫做“法律”。伴随着这些由法律和秩序建立起来的安宁、平静的是时间，在时间的流逝中，经过了数世纪的进化，人类终于进入了探索他自己所在的星系的时刻。在所有的生物中，只有人类的进化能被视为进步。当社会发生变革时，每个人在其所生活的大群体中的价值和权力都会增加。当人类群众从部落渐渐变成文明社会时，个人价值并未减少，相反，它成为了统治所有人的法令的指导。

　　Part B

　　Contrast to the rapid and astonishing development in various subjects, the way of measuring knowledge and ability remains as before, rather primitive. So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education, which seems kind of queer. Though some people believe that exams could weigh one's knowledge level, the truth is just the opposite, as is obvious to all. Exams may be a not-so-bad solution to test the ability to remember something by rote or to answer questions quickly yet under great pressure, but they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.

　　Ⅵ Writing (20 points)

　　Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization

　　With the coming of globalization, we will have great opportunities. First of all, we will have more access to the advanced science and technologies of other countries in the world. As is known to all that in this age of information economy, it is of great importance to get informed with the latest development in every fields concerning the growing of the power of a country. Secondly, with the opening up of more and more countries to the whole world, we are to get more contacted with all kinds of culture and civilizations, which would to some extent strengthen our country's soft power. If we call the economic, scientific and military power hard power, then how we can influence or change others ideas without coercing them but made them accept us willingly is kind of soft power. Mutual understanding will contribute to the increasing of soft power. And globalization provides a good platform for all the participants. Moreover, with the process of globalization we individuals as well have more chances to enrich and perform our serves.

　　However, every coin has two sides. Globalization undoubtedly brings about challenges along with opportunities. Firstly, we will face fierce competition. Since our country is indeed lagging behind in many fields, to be situated in the same arena with some superior players will give us much pressure. The same is with us as individuals. Then, we may be influenced by other culture in a negative way. While enjoying the richness of other civilizations, it is quite possible that we neglect or even lose some of quintessence of our own culture. For instance, as we get more and more fantastic about the western pop music, we lose interest in the traditional Chinese opera.

　　Therefore, we should view the globalization as a double-edged sword, which presents us opportunities as well as challenges. The most important thing is that we should have a right stand facing it. Moreover, we have to make ourselves well prepared in every aspect to meet the opportunities and challenges.

考博必备！历年真题及答案

考博精品好课，就选新东方！