中国人民大学2002年考博英语真题及答案详解

　　Ⅲ Cloze (10 points)

　　The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920 's. In the 1920 's, but especially __1__the Depression of the 1930's, the United States experienced a__2__birth rate. Then with the prosperity__3__on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and__4__households earlier and began to__5__larger families than had their__6__during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. __7__economics was probably the most important__8__, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed__9__the idea of the family also helps to__10__this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming__11__the first grade by the mid -1940's and became a __12__by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself __13__The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.__14__, large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.

　　__15__, in the 1950's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930's no longer made__16__; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high__17__for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators__18__turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and__19__. The system no longer had much__20__in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.

　　1. A. in B. for C. at D. on

　　2. A. accelerating B. strengthening C. declining D. fluctuating

　　3. A. took B. produced C. brought D. carried

　　4. A. adopted B. incorporated C. administered D. established

　　5. A. increase B. raise C. erect D. generate

　　6. A. predecessors B. successors C. processors D. oppressors

　　7. A. Since B. Despite C. Although D. Unless

　　8. A. tenant B. determinant C. lubricant D. repentant

　　9. A. at B. on C. for D. with

　　10. A. demonstrate B. interpret C. exhibit D. explain

　　11. A. through B. across C. into D. towards

　　12. A. creek B. flood C. bonus D. pledge

　　13. A. overtaxed B. overdosed C. overweighed D. overlapped

　　14. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Thus

　　15. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Hence fore

　　16. A. sense B. meaning C. sensible D. meaningful

　　17. A. notoriety B. compatibility C. proximity D. priority

　　18. A. refutably B. indispensably C. inevitably D. respectively

　　19. A. conference B. symposium C. seminar D. discipline

　　20. A. ability B. advantage C. benefit D. interest

　　Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points)

　　Directions:

　　Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

　　Passage 1

　　When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else's—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love you's,” and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.

　　While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, ”Ask the children ,“conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents' work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life,” the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.

　　Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. “It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,” she says. “It's about saying no and making choices.”

　　We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)

　　Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.

　　1. Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?

　　A. Kids Say: Chill

　　B. Kids Stress Parents

　　C. Parents Complain about work

　　D. Parents Get in Good Mood

　　2. The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that__________.

　　A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the president

　　B. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young

　　C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot

　　D. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves

　　3. We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children__________.

　　A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard work

　　B. are looking forward to being with their parents

　　C. are very considerate about their parents

　　D. are very ambitious to change their parents' work

　　4. The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely means__________.

　　A. gathering the work and family duties together

　　B. matching the work quality to life quality

　　C. decreasing the defeating commitments

　　D. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations

　　5. Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents' heavy burden?

　　A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.

　　B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.

　　C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.

　　D. Taking part more actively in community activities.

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