中国人民大学2003年考博英语真题及答案详解

　　Ⅲ Cloze (10 points)

　　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.

　　Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know__21__personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I waw__22__hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed of__23__my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams__24__to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I__25__, Texas cellular pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent__26__a one year period. On the__27__day, it plunged by more than $ 15 a share. There was a rumor the company was__28__sales figures. That was when I leamed how quickly Wall street 29 companies that misrepresent the__30__.

　　In a__31__, I sold all my stock in the company, paying__32__margin debt with cash advances from my__33__card. Because I owned so many shares, I__34__a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a__35__, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market.

　　My father was a stockbroker, as way my grandfather__36__him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicago 's earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many things in life, we don't learn anything until we__37__ it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner__38__of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing__39__and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It's when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking__40__ that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.

　　21. A. at B. in C. from D. by

　　22. A. making B. spending C. selling D. buying

　　23. A. losing B. retiring C. getting D. quitting

　　24. A. turned B. came C. went D. seemed

　　25. A. owend B. owed C. rented D. sold

　　26. A. over B. by C. from D. with

　　27. A. busy B. slow C. worst D. fast

　　28. A. cheating B. exaggerating C. announcing D. beating

　　29. A. punishes B. defeats C. tells D. shows

　　30. A. trade B. truth C. lie D. lies

　　31. A. despair B. worry C. panic D. moment

　　32. A. all B. off C. over D. up

　　33. A. credit B. identity C. identfication D. loan

　　34. A. won B. lost C. gained D. found

　　35. A. winner B. champagne C. genius D. mentor

　　36. A. after B. before C. for D. and

　　37. A. remember B. live C. imagine D. experience

　　38. A. workings B. innings C. price D. shares

　　39. A. more B. great C. much D. up

　　40. A. facility B. faculty C. ability D. power

　　Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points)

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across bracket on ANSWER SHEET.

　　Passage 1

　　The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master craftsmen, had grown selfish and exclusive. Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a new method of making brass, which saved about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.

　　But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fullers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.

　　41. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?

　　A. Methods of production

　　B. Appearance of craft guilds

　　C. Increased trade volume

　　D. Growth of trade, banking and methods of production

　　42. The word“defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means__________.

　　A. popular B. obsolete C. potential D. flourishing

　　43. According to the article, in which area was it more energy -efficient?

　　A. Smelting industry B. Mining industry C. Banking D. Weaving

　　44. The author implies that__________.

　　A. The guild system was more efficient

　　B. The domestic system was capitalistic

　　C. The technical advances stimulated the guild system

　　D. The domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system

　　45. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises

　　B. In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners

　　C. The domestic system is also known as the putting out system

　　D. The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context

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