中国人民大学2003年考博英语真题及答案详解

　　Passage 2

　　And researchers say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequences of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need.

　　Nealy 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want your spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost.” according to the State of Our Unions: 2001 study released Wednesday by Rutgers University.

　　David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the study's authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages.

　　“It really provides a very unrealistic view of what marriage really is.” Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, it 's not easy to bail out if you didn't find a soul mate.”

　　The survey points to fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly are unwilling to make the necessary commitments.

　　The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind of emotional support rendered by same-sex-friends. The authors of the study also suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a margin because of infidelity than past generations.

　　Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrate on people in their 20s. A total of 1, 003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus four percentage points.

　　Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize it's a lot of work and think there are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages won't end in divorce.

　　Since the poll is the first of its kind, researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static.

　　But scholars say the search for soul mates has increased over the last generation—and the last century—as marriage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility.

　　“One hundred years ago, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,” said John DeLamater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “And most people had children.”

　　Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year waiter in a Trenton café who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure he's ready to exchange vows.

　　“I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,” he said. “Maybe if you're going to have children, marriage is the best bet.”

　　But the main reason for matrimony：“If you're in love with someone, it's sort of like promising to them you are in love.”

　　That's all well and good, said Heather Helms-Erikson, an assistant professor of human development an family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, but passion—partly in endorpincaused physiological phenomenon—has been known to diminish in time.

　　46. What's the best title of this passage?

　　A. Marriage Scholars Worry Search for “Soul Mates” is Unrealistic.

　　B. People Should Seek for Romeo and Juliet.

　　C. Marriage Should Happen between Soul Mates.

　　D. Search for “Soul Mates” Should be Superseded by Reality.

　　47. The new study in this passage shows that__________.

　　A. many Americans are very practical when they search for a spouse

　　B. American 20-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriage

　　C. Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy ending

　　D. Americans are fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation

　　48. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding marriage?

　　A. It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need.

　　B. It may not be realized unless the couple consider carefully about their responsibility and commitment.

　　C. It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the past because most people center on romance instead of utility.

　　D. It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, and political reasons.

　　49. Which of the following is not one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage is concerned?

　　A. The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing to make necessary commitments.

　　B. This generation expects too much from their spouses and they cannot keep to be faithful to their husbands or wives.

　　C. The young people at present pay more attention to look for soul mates than the past generations when they search for partners.

　　D. Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations such as financial one and children.

　　50. Which of the following sentences will Heather Helms-Erikon use to illustrate her own argument?

　　A. “Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice someone else and say, ‘Only my wife or husband is my soul mate.’”

　　B. “The romantic part of marriage—while it can be there—should not be substituted by other things such as shared values and social status.”

　　C. “The couple should focus on the ‘three Cs′—communication, conflict resolution and commitment—to make marriage the first priority.”

　　D.“Ten years into a marriage, you don't have that any more and you notice someone else and think, ‘Maybe this person is my soul mate.’”

　　Passage 3

　　Visiting a National Park can be relaxing, inspiring, but it can also be disturbing. As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, and you will see starving elk, damaged meadows and dying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from natural processes, such as fire, predation, and insects. We believed that we were saving these remnants of wild America, but actually we have “protected” them to death. If we want to save our National Parks, the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and “death” by old age. We must act soon: our parks are dying of old age because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong.

　　By tracing the history of our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in neat-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were established by Congress primarily to save endangered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techniques resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds. Complicating the problem, the National Park Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and deer populations exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks through out the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystems.

　　Clearly, we must act immediately if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks: we must step in and restore the natural processes which we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past.

　　51. According to the article, strict wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techniques__________.

　　A. caused the near extinction of the endangered animals

　　B. intervened the natural process

　　C. made the visit of National Parks relaxing, and inspiring and rejuvenating

　　D. saved the elks in the Rocky Mountain Park from starvation

　　52. According to the author, there would not be starving elks, damaged meadows or dying forests in National Parks if__________.

　　A. the government introduced stricter wildlife laws

　　B. the National Park Service employed more wildlife management techniques

　　C. the natural processes were restored

　　D. we continued to improve our natural environment

　　53. According to the article, a population explosion of elk and deer was caused also by__________.

　　A. the adoption of a policy of aggressive predator elimination

　　B. the increased number of Nation Parks

　　C. the decreasing number of visitors to National Parks

　　D. the heavy exploitation of endangered animals in the 20 century

　　54. From the article, we can deduce that the author__________.

　　A. is in support of the present policies

　　B. appreciates the present management techniques

　　C. thinks that the forces in nature should be altered

　　D. is strongly in favor of the natural processes

　　55. Which one of the following statements is NOT true according to the article?

　　A. Park managers interrupted the forest ecosystems through out the 20th century.

　　B. Flesh-eating animals should not be eliminated.

　　C. Insect suppression may cause the forests to over-mature.

　　D. Severe damage to native vegetation in the forest is caused by fire.

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