2017考博英语阅读练习(26)

2016-08-02 17:18:00来源:网络

  篇章剖析:

  这篇文章讲述了关于鸟类进化的一些研究情况。第一段讲述研究者对于鸟类如何从陆地转到空中生活的进化史有一定的分歧;第二段讲述了鸟类羽毛出现的过程;第三、四段讲述了两派不同看法;第五、六段讲述研究者根据鸟类脚趾情况断定了上述转化是如何发生的。

  词汇注释:

  Archaeopteryx n. 始祖鸟 palaeontologists n. 古生物学家

  theropod adj. 兽脚亚目的 bipedal adj. 两足动物的

  Allosaurus n. 异龙 Velociraptor n.

  Tyrannosaurus n. 暴龙 arboreal adj. 树栖的

  biomechanic n. 生物力学家 curvature n. 弯曲

  hop v.跳跃 forage v. 翻寻搜寻食物

  难句突破:

  (1) When Archaeopteryx, a feathered skeleton that was seemingly half dinosaur and half bird, turned up in 1862—three years after the publication of “The Origin of Species”—the origin of birds became a subject of raging debate among palaeontologists.

  [主体句式] When Archaeopteryx turned up …, the origin of birds became…

  [结构分析] 这是一个复合句,when引导的是时间状语从句。

  [句子译文] 当始祖鸟——一种一半是恐龙一半是鸟类的羽毛动物——的骨架出现在1862年,也就是《物种起源》出版的三年后,鸟类的起源成为古生物学家激烈争论的主题。

  (2) Fossils from north-eastern China show animals that had feathers but clearly could not have flown, as well as ones that look like proper birds.

  [主体句式] Fossils …show animals … as well as ones …

  [结构分析] 这是一个复合句。两个that引导的都是定语从句修饰前面的名词。

  [句子译文] 华东发现的化石表明拥有羽毛的动物当时不一定能飞行,即使那些看起来完全像鸟类的也是这样。

  题目分析:

  1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the current debate on the origin of birds? 1.关于鸟类起源的争论,下列哪个陈述是错误的?

  [A] The opinion that birds were the direct descendants of dinosaurs gives the world a shock. [A]鸟类是恐龙直接后裔,这个观点让世界很震惊。

  [B] Palaeontologists have get consensus on the specie’s transition from the land to the sky. [B]古生物学家就该物种从地上到空中的转化这个问题上达成了一致。

  [C] Palaeontologists have different opinions on the process of the transition. [C]古生物学家对于转变的过程有不同的观点。

  D] The paper in this week's Current Biology demostrate that the specie moved by hopping before they flied. [D]本周《当今生物》上的论文显示了它们在掌握飞行能力之前是靠跳跃来移动的。

  [答案] D

  [难度系数] ☆☆

  [分析]细节题。A选项,第一段中有提到了这点;B选项,第一段提到许多研究者同意鸟类是恐龙的一个分支,与这点相符;C选项,第一段提到了他们在该问题上有争议;D选项,是靠跳跃实现由地到空的转变,不是移动。因此,答案为D选项。

  2. The reason why flight is surprisingly rare is that _____ 2. 为什么飞行动物很少是因为_____

  [A] life on earth is diversified. [A] 地球上的生物是多元化的。

  [B] many species of this kind were eliminated during evolution. [B]飞行动物的许多物种在进化过程中都灭绝了。

  [C] feathers evolved not for a means of transport. [C]鸟类并不是为了移动的方式才进化的。

  [D] it is very hard to have such evolution. [D] 发生这样的进化很难。

  [答案] D

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

  [分析] 细节题。根据第二段“Considering the diversity of life on Earth, flight is surprisingly rare. It has evolved only four times: among the insects about 300m years ago, the pterosaurs (230m), the birds (150m) and the bats (50m). That suggests it is a hard trick to pull off”,非行动物只进化了四次,进化是很艰难的过程,因此飞行动物品种少。答案为D选项。

  3.The two schools of thought have different opinions on _____ 3. 两派在_____上有不同的观点。

  [A] the functions of feathered forearams in transition from ground to sky. [A]长有羽毛的前臂在从地上到空中转变的作用

  [B] the location of living place before the animals evolution to birds. [B] 这些动物进化为鸟类之前生活的地方

  [C] the development of powered flight. [C] 动力飞行的发展过程

  [D] the power provided by either gliding or flapping. [D]力量是由滑翔或者拍动翅膀提供的

  [答案] C

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析]细节题。根据第三段和第四段,两派科学家在鸟类的飞行是靠滑行还是靠翅膀提供的升力形成的这一点上有分歧,选项C符合题意。此外B选项比较具有干扰性,文章中提到两种观点认为这些动物在进化为鸟类之前是分别住在地面上和树上,但这只是一个表面的原因,深层次的原因还在C选项。

  4. The conclusion of the study carried out by Dr. Glen and Dr. Bennet is that_____ 4.Glen博士和Bennet博士在该研究中得到的最后结论是_____

  [A] powered flight developed as feathered forearms provided lift. [A]长有羽毛的前臂提供了升力,从而使得动力飞行发展起来。

  [B] flight evolved on the ground before they descend on the trees. [B] 飞行是从地上发展而来的,其发生在它们降落到树上之前。

  [C] earliest birds share similar toes with their modern counterparts. [C]飞行是鸟类在到树上之前生活发生的。

  [D] earliest flying birds evovled from feathered dinosaurs. [D]最早飞行的鸟类与现代鸟类有着相似的第三脚趾。

  [答案] B

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析]细节题。根据第五段和第六段,他们通过研究鸟类脚趾得出结论,鸟类是一开始是在地上生活,后来在到树上生活之前就可以飞翔了,那么它们的飞翔是从地面发展而来的。答案为B选项。C选项具有一定的迷惑性,但是要注意的是“modern counterparts”范围过于广泛,而文中指的是“modern birds that spend most of their time on the ground”,因此该选项错误。

  5.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of opinions of Dr. Glen and Dr. Bennet? 5.关于Glen博士和Bennet博士的观点,下列哪个陈述是错误的?

  [A]Birds realized the transition from reptile to flight by jumping. [A] 鸟类依靠跳跃实现了从爬行动物到飞行动物的转变。

  [B] Dinasaurs are, as a matter of fact, the direct ancestor of birds. [B] 恐龙实际上是鸟类直接的后裔。

  [C]Feathers evolves not for the purpose of flight. [C] 鸟类的羽毛不是为了飞行而形成的。

  [D] The bird’s behavior is indeed fossilised by their various shape of the third toe. [D] 最早飞行的鸟类的第三个脚趾是轻微弯曲的。

  [答案] B

  [难度系数] ☆☆☆

  [分析] 细节题。B选项,这一点不符合他们的观点,文章中的意思应该是鸟类是恐龙的直接后裔。A选项是正确的,这一点在第一段中就有所提及“But a paper in this week's Current Biology, by Christopher Glen and Michael Bennett of the University of Queensland, makes a strong case that they did it by jumping”。C选项的表述也是正确的,因为文章提到羽毛的出现甚至在鸟类掌握飞行能力之后,因此不是为了这个目的。D选项的表述是正确的,文章倒数第二段提到“Unfortunately, behaviour does not fossilise, so it looked as though the question might never be answered. But Dr Glen, a palaeobiologist, and Dr Bennett, a biomechanic, think they have worked out how to do so”,进而指出他们采用的方法就是研究鸟类的第三脚趾。因此答案为B选项。

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