2017考博英语语法基础讲解：复合句

　　注意： 时间状语从句还可由the moment/the instant/the minute(一……就)等名词，every time/each time(每当……)等名词和directly/instantly(一……就)等副词引导，这些词都起到连词的作用。

　　例句： If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，本句是由一个主句they are likely to become irritable和三个从句if individuals are...，each time they begin...和even though...组成。

　　译文： 睡眠的人每次开始进入梦乡时就被叫醒，即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的，他们也很可能变得烦躁易怒。

　　2. 地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句常由where(哪里，在……地方)，wherever(无论什么地方)引导。

　　例句： The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分是The upside is the possibilities;where before we were experts..., now we become authorities...;其中，分词短语contained in knowing that everything is up to us作后置定语修饰the possibilities，knowing that everything is up to us作介词in的宾语;where后引导一个地点状语从句。expert in意为“专长于，熟练应对……的专家”;be up to意为“胜任，由……负责”。

　　译文： 其真正意义在于，洞察一切皆取决于我们自身，即拥有了无限可能;我们曾经是熟练应对各种局限的专家，而如今成为驾驭各种可能性的专家。

　　例句： Wherever you go you will observe great changes that have taken place in this city over the past years.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，定语从句that have taken place in this city over the past years修饰 changes。

　　译文： 不管你走到哪里，你都会看到那座城市在过去到现在的几年间发生的巨大变化。

　　3. 原因状语从句

　　原因状语从句常由because，as，since，now that，not that...but that(不是因为……而是因为……)，in that，for fear that，considering that，seeing that，on the ground that引导。because，as，since的区别在于because语气最强，可与not，just，only连用，也可用于强调句中;其次为as，原因比较明显或为已知原因;最后为since，对方已知事实，相当于“既然”。

　　例句： Since it is too late to change my mind now, Im committed to carrying out the plan.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，其中短语be committed(to)意为“同意承担，答应做某事”。

　　译文： 既然现在改变主意为时已晚，我就答应执行这项计划。

　　例句： Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，which引导的定语从句修饰blocks，其中be produced from...意为“靠……生产/获得”。in that引导原因状语从句。

　　译文： 氢是构成天地万物的基本元素，因为它可以提供构成其他物质的原材料。

　　例句： The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. (2002年第62题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句，主句部分为The behavioral sciences have been slow to change，从句是由because引导的两个原因状语从句，partly because...partly because... 是一组常见搭配，意为“部分原因是……”。

　　译文： 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一时难以找到。

　　例句： Yesterday she was absent from class, not because she was ill, just because she went home to see her sick parents.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。

　　译文： 昨天她缺课，不是因为她生病了，而是因为她回家看望生病的双亲去了。

　　例句： It was because he was ill that he didnt write to me.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，为强调句型。

　　译文： 正是因为他生病了才没有给我写信。

　　(以上两句中because均不可换成as或since。)

　　4.目的状语从句

　　目的状语从句常用that(为了，以便)，so that(为了，以便)，in order that(为了，以便)， lest(以防，以免)连词引导。

　　例句： Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great sensation. (1998年第28题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句，so that引导一个状语从句表示目的。

　　译文： 有些报界人士常常夸大事态以使他们的新闻产生轰动效应。

　　例句： We sent the package by air mail in order that it might reach them in time.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。

　　译文： 这件包裹我们用航空邮寄，以便他们能及时收到。

　　5.结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句常用that(结果，以致)，so that(结果，以致)，so...that(如此……以致)， such...that(这样的……以致)等连词引导。它与目的状语从句不同之处在于目的状语从句中 常常出现情态动词，有时也能从其意义中分辨出。

　　例句： Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.

　　分析： 该句是复合句，with the result意为“结果是……，带来某种结果”，引导从句表示结果。

　　译文： 多年来，大量留学生在那所大学学习，因此该大学获得了许多与这些学生打交道的经验。

　　例句： And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. (2001年第75题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句，so...that后为一状语从句，表示结果;controlling and operating them是从句中的并列主语。

　　译文： 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引起一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。

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