2017考博英语语法基础讲解:复合句

2016-10-06 17:23:00来源:网络

  6.条件状语从句

  条件状语从句常用if, unless, suppose/supposing, provided/providing(that)(倘若), on condition (that)(如果), as/so long as(只要), in case(如果)引导。

  例句: Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(2011年第49题)

  分析: 该句由and连接的两个分句构成,其中前一个分句是简单句;后一个分句是if引导的复合句,主句部分是we are unlikely to begin...situation,从句部分是if we feel that we have been “wronged”,that we have been “wronged”作feel的宾语从句。to bring out the best in意为“使……显示出最好的一面”。

  译文: 环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果总感觉“上天待自己不公”,那么我们就不太可能有意识地去努力脱离现状。

  例句: You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.

  分析: 该句是复合句, provided(that)引导的条件状语从句中mind接动名词taking做其宾语。

  译文: 假如你不介意乘夜班车的话,你可以早点儿到达北京开会。

  7.让步状语从句

  让步状语从句常用although(though), as(尽管,虽然),while(虽然),even if/though(即使),however(不管怎样), whatever(不管,无论什么), whether...or(不管……还是), no matter what/how/where/when。其中although和though意义上无区别,although语气上要强一些,常置于句首。

  例句: While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” (2011年第47题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是“while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control, we are faced with...do this or achieve that?”。其中,介词短语through the conscious mind alone作状语,表示方式,修饰谓语sustain;do this or achieve that作宾语myself的补足语。

  译文: 尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识来维持“控制”这种错觉,但在现实中,我们还是要不断地面临一个问题:“我为什么不能让自己做这个或实现哪个?”

  例句: Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.

  分析: 该句是复合句,连接代词no matter what(=whatever)在句中作done的宾语。

  译文: 研究结果表明,无论白天发生了什么,我们每个晚上都会做两个小时的梦。

  例句: Even though the daytoday experience of raising kids can be soulcrushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” (选自2011年Text 4)

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中,主句的主干部分是Senior writes that “the very things can later be sources of intense gratification and delight”,定语从句that in the moment dampen our moods修饰the very things。

  译文: 即使每日抚养孩子的经历艰难到摧残灵魂的地步,但是森尼尔写道“恰恰是那些当时打击我们情绪的事情随后却成为我们极度满足和快乐的源泉”。

  8. 比较状语从句

  比较状语从句常用as...as, than, not so/as...as(不像……一样), the...the(越……越……), as...so...(正如……那样)连接。

  例句: These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media. (1999年第10题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,than exist in traditional media是一定语从句修饰restrictions,其完整形式应为than those which exist in traditional media。

  译文: 这些提议力图为数据信息的使用和拷贝建立起比现存的传统媒介中更多的限制。

  例句: As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. (选自2001年Text 2)

  分析: 该句是复合句,本句主干为it is in the interest of business to universalize access,as引导一时间状语从句,破折号后的内容是对主句作进一步解释说明。

  译文: 随着互联网日趋商业化,网络普及对商家是有利的——毕竟,上网的人越多,潜在的消费群体就越大。

  9.方式状语从句

  方式状语从句常用as(像,如同), as if/though(好像)连接,其中as if/though引导的从句中谓语动词可以是陈述语气,也可使用虚拟语气。

  例句: For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

  分析: 该句是复合句,as though引导的从句作looked的表语,其中表语从句中的主干部分为the making of semiconductors was going to be the next casualty,两个并列定语从句which America had...and which...修饰the making of semiconductors。

  译文: 半导体制造业本为美国所开创,在电脑时代有着举足轻重的作用,但是有段时间也似乎一度濒临崩溃。

  例句: Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office.

  分析: 该句是复合句,从句as though后的完整形式为...as though she were to go out of the office。

  译文: 克里斯蒂愤怒地瞪着她的老板,然后转过身子,好像是要走出办公室。


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