2025考博英语词汇与语法练习（十九）

　　考博英语词汇语法题是各博士招生院校常考题型之一，新东方在线考博英语为整理了考博英语词汇语法题练习供考博生们参考练习，希望能为大家在考博中提供到帮助。

　　1. The atmosphere ________ of certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.

　　A) composes

　　B) comprises

　　C) consists

　　D) constitutes

　　2. While he was in the office he________ doing something to doing nothing.

　　A) preferred

　　B) liked

　　C) favoured

　　D) approved

　　3. Metals________ when cooled and expand when heated.

　　A) decrease

　　B) reduce

　　C) condense

　　D) contract

　　4. Take your raincoat with you________ it rains.

　　A) by chance

　　B) in case

　　C) at large

　　D) on occasion

　　5. He was afraid he would have to________ her invitation to the party.

　　A) refute

　　B) refuse

　　C) reject

　　D) decline

　　6.At the Committee last Saturday the following proposal was agreed________ by those present.

　　A) to

　　B) with

　　C) over

　　D) at

　　7. We went to see the exhibition________ the storm.

　　A) but for

　　B) in spite of

　　C) for the sake of

　　D) instead of

　　8.To my surprise, at yesterday’s meeting he again brought________ the plan that had been disapproved a week before.

　　A) about

　　B) out

　　C) back

　　D) up

　　9. The doctor took X-rays to________ the chance of broken bones.

　　A) make sure

　　B) rule out

　　C) break down

　　D) knock out

　　10. He felt it rather difficult to take a stand________ the opinion of the majority.

　　A) for

　　B) against

　　C) to

　　D) by

　　11.He has behaved in the most extraordinary way recently; I can’t________ his behaving like that at all.

　　A) look into

　　B) break through

　　C) account for

　　D) get over

　　12. How did it come________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?

　　A) about

　　B) along

　　C) around

　　D) by

　　13. He could produce no evidence________ his argument.

　　A) in respect of

　　B) in view of

　　C) in support of

　　D) on account of

　　14.The government should________ with the irrational regulations restricting drinking hours.

　　A) break away

　　B) come up

　　C) get away

　　D) do away

　　15. I know him well enough to accept his explanation________ .

　　A) without question

　　B) by all means

　　C) at any cost

　　D) in any case

　　16. It was a small country house, but it was large________ urban standards.

　　A) at

　　B) for

　　C) by

　　D) from

　　17.The travellers sought shelter________ the rain and happened to find a road-side inn.

　　A) from

　　B) against

　　C) for

　　D) with

　　18. All our attempts to________ the child from drowning were in vain.

　　A) regain

　　B) recover

　　C) reserve

　　D) rescue

　　19. This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to________ it.

　　A) deal with

　　B) comment on

　　C) cope with

　　D) dwell on

　　20. I was always taught that it was________ to interrupt.

　　A) rude

　　B) coarse

　　C) rough

　　D) crude

　　参考答案：

　　1. 答案C.consist of“由……组成(或构成)”(作此义解时该短语只有主动态，没有被动态，不能说be consisted of)compose vt . “(若干部分)构成(整体)”(其被动态be consisted of 与consist of 同义)comprise vt. “包括，包含，由……组成;组成，构成”(该词相当于compose和be composed of两个意思)constitute vt .“组成，构成，形成”

　　2. 答案A.prefer vt .“更喜欢”(常使用的正确句型是：prefer A to B; prefer doing A to doing B; prefer to do A rather than [to] do B;prefer that sb[should] do sth)like和favour两个动词后面都可以跟-ing，但不用like/favour(doing) A to (doing) B句型approve vt .“赞成，同义;批准，核准”

　　3. 答案D. Contract v.“收缩，缩小，缩短”(如contract one's muscles; One's muscles contract.)decrease v.“减小，减少”reduce vt .“减少，缩小”

　　4. 答案B.in case “以防万一，假如”(后面直接跟从句，从句谓语多用一般时态，也可用should/may+原形动词，但不直接用原形动词;美国人常把in case+从句放在句首，表示“如果”，如In case I forget，please remind me about it;但有时in case可以单独用，后面不跟从句，表示“以防出现万一”，如

　　It may not rain，but you had better take an umbrella just in case.)by chance“偶然，碰巧”at large(标语)“(罪犯)逍遥法外的，未被捕获的”;(作后置定语)“大多数的”(如students at large)on occasion“有时，间或”

　　5. 答案D。deline vt.“婉辞，谢绝(邀请);不愿(做某事)”(后面跟不定式);vi.“下降，减少，衰落”△refuse vt.“批驳，驳斥，驳倒”(宾语可以是人或某人的论点)refuse vt.“拒绝(给予或接受)”(句型：refuse sth/to-V)reject vt.“拒绝，驳回;据纳，退回”(后面只能跟名词或代词作宾语，不跟其他句型)

　　6. 答案A。agree to sth ：“同意，赞成”(相当于consent to，其宾语可以是极化、办法、措施、方案等名词);agree后面还常跟with/on: agree with sb/sb’ opinion“同意某人的看法”;agree with 另一个常考的意思是“适合于<某人>”，常以食物或天气作主语，(如The weather/Sea food doesn’t agree with me .)agree on “(在某问题上)取得一致意见“;agree with sb. about/on/over sth”在……上同意某人的看法”;不说agree at sth

　　7. 答案B。in spite of “虽然，尽管;不顾”but for“若不是”(多用于引导一个非真实的条件)for the sake of “为了，为了……的利益，看在……的份上”instead of“而不，作为……的替代”

　　8. 答案D. bring up“(在会上)提出(问题供讨论或引起注意);培养，教育(子女)”bring about sth“引起，导致”bring out“使显出;出版，推出”bring back“带回来”

　　9. 答案D。rule out“排除(可能性)”make sure(that…/to do sth) “查明，弄确实;务必(做某事)”break down“损坏;(身体)垮下来;(机器)出故障”，knock out“击昏，击倒”

　　10. 答案B。take a stand for/against sth“对……表明态度支持/反对”(注：take a stand后面不跟to/by sth)

　　11. 答案C。account for“说明或解释(原因);说明(钱是怎么花的);占……(多大部分)”(如account for one’s absence from class; account for the money spent; Women account for half of the population.)look into“调查，了解”break through“突破，突围”get over“克服(困难);解决(问题);从(疾病、失望、震惊中)恢复过来”

　　12. 答案A。come(about)“发生，造成”(多用于how疑问句中，也可用于陈述句，在非正式英语中还可简化为How come +从句?如How come you were late for class yesterday?)come along“进行，进展;(机会)出现;(用在祈使句中)赶快，快点”come around“苏醒;顺访”come by sth=get obtain“得到”

　　13. 答案C.in support of(状语)“支持，证明”in respect of/with respect to“至于，关于”in view of“由于，鉴于;考虑到”on account of(状语)“由于，因为”

　　14. 答案D。do away with sth“废除，消除，去掉;干掉，处理掉”break away(from)“突然离开，突然逃掉;与……决裂;改掉(坏习惯)”(不说break away with)come up with“提出，提供，想出(主意、办法、方案等)”get away with“携带……而逃”

　　15. 答案A。without question“毫无疑问地，毫无异议地;不加怀疑地”(作状语修饰谓语动词或放在be后面修饰表语，如He can do the work well without question; He is without question the best player on the team.还可以说beyond question“毫无疑问，确定无疑”，不过该短语一般作表语或修饰表语)by all means“尽一切办法;务必”at any cost/at all costs“不惜任何代价，无论如何”on any case“无论如何，不管怎样”

　　16. 答案C。by…standards“按照……的标准来衡量”(不与其他三个介词搭配)

　　17. 答案A。shelter n.“掩蔽处，躲避处;掩蔽，保护”(seek/take/find sheler from the rain or other dangers“宣召避雨<或躲避其它危险>的地方”，do sth under shelter of“在……的掩护下做某事”，可以说seek/take shelter in…for the night“在…过夜”;shelter不与against/with搭配)

　　18. 答案D。rescue vt./n/“营救，援救”(rescue sb from“把……从……救出”;come/go to sb’s rescue“前去营救某人”)○regain vt.“重新获得，收复，恢复”recover vt.“重新获得，重新找到;收回，挽回”reserve vt.“保留，留存;预定(座位)”

　　19. 答案B. comment on sth “对……发表评论”deal with sth“处理;论述;涉及”cope with sth(difficult)“(设法)对付，应付(困难的问题或局面)”△dwell on/upon sth“详述，强调;老是想着(某事)”

　　20.答案A。rude adj.“粗鲁的，不礼貌的;粗糙的，简陋的(工具等)”(如a rude child; rude behavior; rude remarks; rude tools)coarse adj.“粗糙的(材料、质地);粗俗的(语言、举止)”rough adj.“粗糙的(材料);粗鲁的，粗暴的(行为);粗略的，大致的：crude adj.”天然的，未加工的;简陋的，粗糙的“

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